ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfusion has shown promising results in treating COVID-19 cases despite the limited availability of these MSCs. The task of prioritizing COVID-19 patients for MSC transfusion based on multiple criteria is considered a multi-attribute decision-analysis (MADA) problem. Although literature reviews have assessed the prioritization of COVID-19 patients for MSCs, issues arising from imprecise, unclear and ambiguous information remain unresolved. Compared with the existing MADA methods, the robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) and fuzzy-weighted zero inconsistency (FWZIC) is proven. This study adopts and integrates FDOSM and FWZIC in a homogeneous Fermatean fuzzy environment for criterion weighting followed by the prioritization of the most eligible COVID-19 patients for MSC transfusion. The research methodology had two phases. The decision matrices of three COVID-19 emergency levels (moderate, severe, and critical) were adopted based on an augmented dataset of 60 patients and discussed in the first phase. The second phase was divided into two subsections. The first section developed Fermatean FWZIC (F-FWZIC) to weigh criteria across each emergency level of COVID-19 patients. These weights were fed to the second section on adopting Fermatean FDOSM (F-FDOSM) for the purpose of prioritizing COVID-19 patients who are the most eligible to receive MSCs. Three methods were used in evaluating the proposed works, and the results included systematic ranking, sensitivity analysis, and benchmarking checklist.
ABSTRACT
Security against systemic financial risks is the main theme for financial stability regulation. As modern financial markets are highly interconnected and complex networks, their network resilience is an important indicator of the ability of the financial system to prevent risks. To provide a comprehensive perspective on the network resilience of financial networks, we review the main advances in the literature on network resilience and financial networks. Further, we review the key elements and applications of financial network resilience processing in financial regulation, including financial network information, network resilience measures, financial regulatory technologies, and regulatory applications. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and future research directions from the perspective of resilience-based financial systemic risk regulation.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The vaccine distribution for the COVID-19 is a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem based on three issues, namely, identification of different distribution criteria, importance criteria and data variation. Thus, the Pythagorean fuzzy decision by opinion score method (PFDOSM) for prioritising vaccine recipients is the correct approach because it utilises the most powerful MCDM ranking method. However, PFDOSM weighs the criteria values of each alternative implicitly, which is limited to explicitly weighting each criterion. In view of solving this theoretical issue, the fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) can be used as a powerful weighting MCDM method to provide explicit weights for a criteria set with zero inconstancy. However, FWZIC is based on the triangular fuzzy number that is limited in solving the vagueness related to the aforementioned theoretical issues. Objectives: This research presents a novel homogeneous Pythagorean fuzzy framework for distributing the COVID-19 vaccine dose by integrating a new formulation of the PFWZIC and PFDOSM methods. Methods: The methodology is divided into two phases. Firstly, an augmented dataset was generated that included 300 recipients based on five COVID-19 vaccine distribution criteria (i.e., vaccine recipient memberships, chronic disease conditions, age, geographic location severity and disabilities). Then, a decision matrix was constructed on the basis of an intersection of the 'recipients list' and 'COVID-19 distribution criteria'. Then, the MCDM methods were integrated. An extended PFWZIC was developed, followed by the development of PFDOSM. Results: (1) PFWZIC effectively weighted the vaccine distribution criteria. (2) The PFDOSM-based group prioritisation was considered in the final distribution result. (3) The prioritisation ranks of the vaccine recipients were subject to a systematic ranking that is supported by high correlation results over nine scenarios of the changing criteria weights values. Conclusion: The findings of this study are expected to ensuring equitable protection against COVID-19 and thus help accelerate vaccine progress worldwide.